Submtited May, 2008, the P01 Renewal Resubmission expands the work performed in years 2003-2008 and involves twenty-one (21) researchers and fifteen (15) participating institutions from across the United States, the United Kingdom, Greece, the Netherlands, and Japan. This collective expertise – from a dozen difference scientific disciplines – demography, mathematics, and economics to molecular biology, ecology, and entomology. Additional information and details about the following proposed projects, as part of the Renewal-Resubmission (for the proposed performance period of 2009-2014) will be forthcoming.